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- textual.app.App(typing.Generic, textual.dom.DOMNode)
-
- Base
class Base(textual.app.App) |
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Base(driver_class: 'Type[Driver] | None' = None, css_path: 'CSSPathType | None' = None, watch_css: 'bool' = False)
A simple textual application.
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| |
- Method resolution order:
- Base
- textual.app.App
- typing.Generic
- textual.dom.DOMNode
- textual.message_pump.MessagePump
- builtins.object
Methods defined here:
- async action_quit(self) -> None
- Stop the rest of the application when quitting.
- action_random_channel(self) -> None
- Randomize the channel on the current tab.
- action_refresh_plot(self) -> None
- Refresh the current plot.
- action_tab(self, forward: bool) -> None
- Change the active tab.
- action_toggle_pause(self) -> None
- Toggle pause state.
- compose(self) -> Iterable[textual.widget.Widget]
- Create child nodes.
- compose_app(self) -> Iterable[textual.widget.Widget]
- Application-specific interface creation.
- dispatch(self, max_plot_samples: int, update_table: bool = True, update_log: bool = True, update_plot: bool = True) -> None
- Update channel values.
- ui_enabled(self, name: str) -> bool
- Determine if a task tab should be created for a task with a given name.
Static methods defined here:
- create(app: runtimepy.net.arbiter.info.AppInfo, env: runtimepy.channel.environment.ChannelEnvironment, handle_debug: bool = True) -> 'Base'
- Create an application instance.
Readonly properties defined here:
- current_channel_environment
- Get the current channel-environment display.
- tabs
- Get the tab container.
Data and other attributes defined here:
- BINDINGS = [('q', 'quit'), (<Keys.Escape: 'escape'>, 'quit', '(or q) quit'), ('space', 'toggle_pause', 'toggle pause'), ('d', 'toggle_dark', 'toggle dark mode'), ('g', 'screenshot', 'take a screenshot'), ('r', 'refresh_plot', 'refresh plot'), ('R', 'random_channel', 'plot random channel'), Binding(key=<Keys.Tab: 'tab'>, action='tab(True)...tab', show=True, key_display=None, priority=True), Binding(key=<Keys.BackTab: 'shift+tab'>, action=...tab', show=True, key_display=None, priority=True)]
- CSS_PATH = PosixPath('/home/vkottler/src/vkottler/workspace/conntextual/conntextual/data/tcss/base.tcss')
- __annotations__ = {'composed': <class 'asyncio.locks.Event'>, 'model': <class 'conntextual.ui.model.Model'>, 'tab_pattern': <class 'conntextual.ui.channel.pattern.PatternPair'>}
- __orig_bases__ = (textual.app.App[NoneType],)
- __parameters__ = ()
Methods inherited from textual.app.App:
- __init__(self, driver_class: 'Type[Driver] | None' = None, css_path: 'CSSPathType | None' = None, watch_css: 'bool' = False)
- Create an instance of an app.
Args:
driver_class: Driver class or `None` to auto-detect.
This will be used by some Textual tools.
css_path: Path to CSS or `None` to use the `CSS_PATH` class variable.
To load multiple CSS files, pass a list of strings or paths which
will be loaded in order.
watch_css: Reload CSS if the files changed. This is set automatically if
you are using `textual run` with the `dev` switch.
Raises:
CssPathError: When the supplied CSS path(s) are an unexpected type.
- __repr__ = auto_repr(self: ~T) -> str
- Return repr(self)
- __rich_repr__(self) -> 'rich.repr.Result'
- async action_add_class(self, selector: 'str', class_name: 'str') -> 'None'
- An [action](/guide/actions) to add a CSS class to the selected widget.
Args:
selector: Selects the widget to add the class to.
class_name: The class to add to the selected widget.
- async action_back(self) -> 'None'
- An [action](/guide/actions) to go back to the previous screen (pop the current screen).
Note:
If there is no screen to go back to, this is a non-operation (in
other words it's safe to call even if there are no other screens
on the stack.)
- async action_bell(self) -> 'None'
- An [action](/guide/actions) to play the terminal 'bell'.
- async action_check_bindings(self, key: 'str') -> 'None'
- An [action](/guide/actions) to handle a key press using the binding system.
Args:
key: The key to process.
- action_command_palette(self) -> 'None'
- Show the Textual command palette.
- async action_focus(self, widget_id: 'str') -> 'None'
- An [action](/guide/actions) to focus the given widget.
Args:
widget_id: ID of widget to focus.
- action_focus_next(self) -> 'None'
- An [action](/guide/actions) to focus the next widget.
- action_focus_previous(self) -> 'None'
- An [action](/guide/actions) to focus the previous widget.
- async action_pop_screen(self) -> 'None'
- An [action](/guide/actions) to remove the topmost screen and makes the new topmost screen active.
- async action_push_screen(self, screen: 'str') -> 'None'
- An [action](/guide/actions) to push a new screen on to the stack and make it active.
Args:
screen: Name of the screen.
- async action_remove_class(self, selector: 'str', class_name: 'str') -> 'None'
- An [action](/guide/actions) to remove a CSS class from the selected widget.
Args:
selector: Selects the widget to remove the class from.
class_name: The class to remove from the selected widget.
- action_screenshot(self, filename: 'str | None' = None, path: 'str' = './') -> 'None'
- This [action](/guide/actions) will save an SVG file containing the current contents of the screen.
Args:
filename: Filename of screenshot, or None to auto-generate.
path: Path to directory. Defaults to current working directory.
- action_suspend_process(self) -> 'None'
- Suspend the process into the background.
Note:
On Unix and Unix-like systems a `SIGTSTP` is sent to the
application's process. Currently on Windows and when running
under Textual Web this is a non-operation.
- async action_switch_mode(self, mode: 'str') -> 'None'
- An [action](/guide/actions) that switches to the given mode..
- async action_switch_screen(self, screen: 'str') -> 'None'
- An [action](/guide/actions) to switch screens.
Args:
screen: Name of the screen.
- async action_toggle_class(self, selector: 'str', class_name: 'str') -> 'None'
- An [action](/guide/actions) to toggle a CSS class on the selected widget.
Args:
selector: Selects the widget to toggle the class on.
class_name: The class to toggle on the selected widget.
- action_toggle_dark(self) -> 'None'
- An [action](/guide/actions) to toggle dark mode.
- add_mode(self, mode: 'str', base_screen: 'str | Screen | Callable[[], Screen]') -> 'None'
- Adds a mode and its corresponding base screen to the app.
Args:
mode: The new mode.
base_screen: The base screen associated with the given mode.
Raises:
InvalidModeError: If the name of the mode is not valid/duplicated.
- animate(self, attribute: 'str', value: 'float | Animatable', *, final_value: 'object' = Ellipsis, duration: 'float | None' = None, speed: 'float | None' = None, delay: 'float' = 0.0, easing: 'EasingFunction | str' = 'in_out_cubic', on_complete: 'CallbackType | None' = None, level: 'AnimationLevel' = 'full') -> 'None'
- Animate an attribute.
See the guide for how to use the [animation](/guide/animation) system.
Args:
attribute: Name of the attribute to animate.
value: The value to animate to.
final_value: The final value of the animation.
duration: The duration (in seconds) of the animation.
speed: The speed of the animation.
delay: A delay (in seconds) before the animation starts.
easing: An easing method.
on_complete: A callable to invoke when the animation is finished.
level: Minimum level required for the animation to take place (inclusive).
- batch_update(self) -> 'Generator[None, None, None]'
- A context manager to suspend all repaints until the end of the batch.
- begin_capture_print(self, target: 'MessageTarget', stdout: 'bool' = True, stderr: 'bool' = True) -> 'None'
- Capture content that is printed (or written to stdout / stderr).
If printing is captured, the `target` will be sent an [events.Print][textual.events.Print] message.
Args:
target: The widget where print content will be sent.
stdout: Capture stdout.
stderr: Capture stderr.
- bell(self) -> 'None'
- Play the console 'bell'.
For terminals that support a bell, this typically makes a notification or error sound.
Some terminals may make no sound or display a visual bell indicator, depending on configuration.
- bind(self, keys: 'str', action: 'str', *, description: 'str' = '', show: 'bool' = True, key_display: 'str | None' = None) -> 'None'
- Bind a key to an action.
Args:
keys: A comma separated list of keys, i.e.
action: Action to bind to.
description: Short description of action.
show: Show key in UI.
key_display: Replacement text for key, or None to use default.
- call_from_thread(self, callback: 'Callable[..., CallThreadReturnType | Awaitable[CallThreadReturnType]]', *args: 'Any', **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'CallThreadReturnType'
- Run a callable from another thread, and return the result.
Like asyncio apps in general, Textual apps are not thread-safe. If you call methods
or set attributes on Textual objects from a thread, you may get unpredictable results.
This method will ensure that your code runs within the correct context.
!!! tip
Consider using [post_message][textual.message_pump.MessagePump.post_message] which is also thread-safe.
Args:
callback: A callable to run.
*args: Arguments to the callback.
**kwargs: Keyword arguments for the callback.
Raises:
RuntimeError: If the app isn't running or if this method is called from the same
thread where the app is running.
Returns:
The result of the callback.
- capture_mouse(self, widget: 'Widget | None') -> 'None'
- Send all mouse events to the given widget or disable mouse capture.
Args:
widget: If a widget, capture mouse event, or `None` to end mouse capture.
- async check_bindings(self, key: 'str', priority: 'bool' = False) -> 'bool'
- Handle a key press.
This method is used internally by the bindings system, but may be called directly
if you wish to *simulate* a key being pressed.
Args:
key: A key.
priority: If `True` check from `App` down, otherwise from focused up.
Returns:
True if the key was handled by a binding, otherwise False
- clear_notifications(self) -> 'None'
- Clear all the current notifications.
- copy_to_clipboard(self, text: 'str') -> 'None'
- Copy text to the clipboard.
!!! note
This does not work on macOS Terminal, but will work on most other terminals.
Args:
text: Text you wish to copy to the clipboard.
- end_capture_print(self, target: 'MessageTarget') -> 'None'
- End capturing of prints.
Args:
target: The widget that was capturing prints.
- exit(self, result: 'ReturnType | None' = None, return_code: 'int' = 0, message: 'RenderableType | None' = None) -> 'None'
- Exit the app, and return the supplied result.
Args:
result: Return value.
return_code: The return code. Use non-zero values for error codes.
message: Optional message to display on exit.
- export_screenshot(self, *, title: 'str | None' = None) -> 'str'
- Export an SVG screenshot of the current screen.
See also [save_screenshot][textual.app.App.save_screenshot] which writes the screenshot to a file.
Args:
title: The title of the exported screenshot or None
to use app title.
- get_child_by_id(self, id: 'str', expect_type: 'type[ExpectType] | None' = None) -> 'ExpectType | Widget'
- Get the first child (immediate descendent) of this DOMNode with the given ID.
Args:
id: The ID of the node to search for.
expect_type: Require the object be of the supplied type,
or use `None` to apply no type restriction.
Returns:
The first child of this node with the specified ID.
Raises:
NoMatches: If no children could be found for this ID.
WrongType: If the wrong type was found.
- get_child_by_type(self, expect_type: 'type[ExpectType]') -> 'ExpectType'
- Get a child of a give type.
Args:
expect_type: The type of the expected child.
Raises:
NoMatches: If no valid child is found.
Returns:
A widget.
- get_css_variables(self) -> 'dict[str, str]'
- Get a mapping of variables used to pre-populate CSS.
May be implemented in a subclass to add new CSS variables.
Returns:
A mapping of variable name to value.
- get_driver_class(self) -> 'Type[Driver]'
- Get a driver class for this platform.
This method is called by the constructor, and unlikely to be required when
building a Textual app.
Returns:
A Driver class which manages input and display.
- get_key_display(self, key: 'str') -> 'str'
- For a given key, return how it should be displayed in an app
(e.g. in the Footer widget).
By key, we refer to the string used in the "key" argument for
a Binding instance. By overriding this method, you can ensure that
keys are displayed consistently throughout your app, without
needing to add a key_display to every binding.
Args:
key: The binding key string.
Returns:
The display string for the input key.
- get_loading_widget(self) -> 'Widget'
- Get a widget to be used as a loading indicator.
Extend this method if you want to display the loading state a little differently.
Returns:
A widget to display a loading state.
- get_screen(self, screen: 'Screen | str') -> 'Screen'
- Get an installed screen.
Args:
screen: Either a Screen object or screen name (the `name` argument when installed).
Raises:
KeyError: If the named screen doesn't exist.
Returns:
A screen instance.
- get_widget_at(self, x: 'int', y: 'int') -> 'tuple[Widget, Region]'
- Get the widget under the given coordinates.
Args:
x: X coordinate.
y: Y coordinate.
Returns:
The widget and the widget's screen region.
- get_widget_by_id(self, id: 'str', expect_type: 'type[ExpectType] | None' = None) -> 'ExpectType | Widget'
- Get the first descendant widget with the given ID.
Performs a breadth-first search rooted at the current screen.
It will not return the Screen if that matches the ID.
To get the screen, use `self.screen`.
Args:
id: The ID to search for in the subtree
expect_type: Require the object be of the supplied type, or None for any type.
Defaults to None.
Returns:
The first descendant encountered with this ID.
Raises:
NoMatches: if no children could be found for this ID
WrongType: if the wrong type was found.
- install_screen(self, screen: 'Screen', name: 'str') -> 'None'
- Install a screen.
Installing a screen prevents Textual from destroying it when it is no longer on the screen stack.
Note that you don't need to install a screen to use it. See [push_screen][textual.app.App.push_screen]
or [switch_screen][textual.app.App.switch_screen] to make a new screen current.
Args:
screen: Screen to install.
name: Unique name to identify the screen.
Raises:
ScreenError: If the screen can't be installed.
Returns:
An awaitable that awaits the mounting of the screen and its children.
- is_mounted(self, widget: 'Widget') -> 'bool'
- Check if a widget is mounted.
Args:
widget: A widget.
Returns:
True of the widget is mounted.
- is_screen_installed(self, screen: 'Screen | str') -> 'bool'
- Check if a given screen has been installed.
Args:
screen: Either a Screen object or screen name (the `name` argument when installed).
Returns:
True if the screen is currently installed,
- mount(self, *widgets: 'Widget', before: 'int | str | Widget | None' = None, after: 'int | str | Widget | None' = None) -> 'AwaitMount'
- Mount the given widgets relative to the app's screen.
Args:
*widgets: The widget(s) to mount.
before: Optional location to mount before. An `int` is the index
of the child to mount before, a `str` is a `query_one` query to
find the widget to mount before.
after: Optional location to mount after. An `int` is the index
of the child to mount after, a `str` is a `query_one` query to
find the widget to mount after.
Returns:
An awaitable object that waits for widgets to be mounted.
Raises:
MountError: If there is a problem with the mount request.
Note:
Only one of ``before`` or ``after`` can be provided. If both are
provided a ``MountError`` will be raised.
- mount_all(self, widgets: 'Iterable[Widget]', *, before: 'int | str | Widget | None' = None, after: 'int | str | Widget | None' = None) -> 'AwaitMount'
- Mount widgets from an iterable.
Args:
widgets: An iterable of widgets.
before: Optional location to mount before. An `int` is the index
of the child to mount before, a `str` is a `query_one` query to
find the widget to mount before.
after: Optional location to mount after. An `int` is the index
of the child to mount after, a `str` is a `query_one` query to
find the widget to mount after.
Returns:
An awaitable object that waits for widgets to be mounted.
Raises:
MountError: If there is a problem with the mount request.
Note:
Only one of ``before`` or ``after`` can be provided. If both are
provided a ``MountError`` will be raised.
- notify(self, message: 'str', *, title: 'str' = '', severity: 'SeverityLevel' = 'information', timeout: 'float' = 5) -> 'None'
- Create a notification.
!!! tip
This method is thread-safe.
Args:
message: The message for the notification.
title: The title for the notification.
severity: The severity of the notification.
timeout: The timeout (in seconds) for the notification.
The `notify` method is used to create an application-wide
notification, shown in a [`Toast`][textual.widgets._toast.Toast],
normally originating in the bottom right corner of the display.
Notifications can have the following severity levels:
- `information`
- `warning`
- `error`
The default is `information`.
Example:
```python
# Show an information notification.
self.notify("It's an older code, sir, but it checks out.")
# Show a warning. Note that Textual's notification system allows
# for the use of Rich console markup.
self.notify(
"Now witness the firepower of this fully "
"[b]ARMED[/b] and [i][b]OPERATIONAL[/b][/i] battle station!",
title="Possible trap detected",
severity="warning",
)
# Show an error. Set a longer timeout so it's noticed.
self.notify("It's a trap!", severity="error", timeout=10)
# Show an information notification, but without any sort of title.
self.notify("It's against my programming to impersonate a deity.", title="")
```
- async on_event(self, event: 'events.Event') -> 'None'
- Called to process an event.
Args:
event: An Event object.
- panic(self, *renderables: 'RenderableType') -> 'None'
- Exits the app and display error message(s).
Used in response to unexpected errors.
For a more graceful exit, see the [exit][textual.app.App.exit] method.
Args:
*renderables: Text or Rich renderable(s) to display on exit.
- pop_screen(self) -> 'Screen[object]'
- Pop the current [screen](/guide/screens) from the stack, and switch to the previous screen.
Returns:
The screen that was replaced.
- post_display_hook(self) -> 'None'
- Called immediately after a display is done. Used in tests.
- push_screen(self, screen: 'Screen[ScreenResultType] | str', callback: 'ScreenResultCallbackType[ScreenResultType] | None' = None, wait_for_dismiss: 'bool' = False) -> 'AwaitMount | asyncio.Future[ScreenResultType]'
- Push a new [screen](/guide/screens) on the screen stack, making it the current screen.
Args:
screen: A Screen instance or the name of an installed screen.
callback: An optional callback function that will be called if the screen is [dismissed][textual.screen.Screen.dismiss] with a result.
wait_for_dismiss: If `True`, awaiting this method will return the dismiss value from the screen. When set to `False`, awaiting
this method will wait for the screen to be mounted. Note that `wait_for_dismiss` should only be set to `True` when running in a worker.
Raises:
NoActiveWorker: If using `wait_for_dismiss` outside of a worker.
Returns:
An optional awaitable that awaits the mounting of the screen and its children, or an asyncio Future
to await the result of the screen.
- async push_screen_wait(self, screen: 'Screen[ScreenResultType] | str') -> 'ScreenResultType | Any'
- Push a screen and wait for the result (received from [`Screen.dismiss`][textual.screen.Screen.dismiss]).
Note that this method may only be called when running in a worker.
Args:
screen: A screen or the name of an installed screen.
Returns:
The screen's result.
- async recompose(self) -> 'None'
- Recompose the widget.
Recomposing will remove children and call `self.compose` again to remount.
- refresh(self, *, repaint: 'bool' = True, layout: 'bool' = False, recompose: 'bool' = False) -> 'Self'
- Refresh the entire screen.
Args:
repaint: Repaint the widget (will call render() again).
layout: Also layout widgets in the view.
recompose: Re-compose the widget (will remove and re-mount children).
Returns:
The `App` instance.
- refresh_css(self, animate: 'bool' = True) -> 'None'
- Refresh CSS.
Args:
animate: Also execute CSS animations.
- remove_mode(self, mode: 'str') -> 'None'
- Removes a mode from the app.
Screens that are running in the stack of that mode are scheduled for pruning.
Args:
mode: The mode to remove. It can't be the active mode.
Raises:
ActiveModeError: If trying to remove the active mode.
UnknownModeError: If trying to remove an unknown mode.
- render(self) -> 'RenderResult'
- Render method inherited from widget, to render the screen's background.
May be override to customize background visuals.
- run(self, *, headless: 'bool' = False, inline: 'bool' = False, inline_no_clear: 'bool' = False, mouse: 'bool' = True, size: 'tuple[int, int] | None' = None, auto_pilot: 'AutopilotCallbackType | None' = None) -> 'ReturnType | None'
- Run the app.
Args:
headless: Run in headless mode (no output).
inline: Run the app inline (under the prompt).
inline_no_clear: Don't clear the app output when exiting an inline app.
mouse: Enable mouse support.
size: Force terminal size to `(WIDTH, HEIGHT)`,
or None to auto-detect.
auto_pilot: An auto pilot coroutine.
Returns:
App return value.
- async run_action(self, action: 'str | ActionParseResult', default_namespace: 'object | None' = None) -> 'bool'
- Perform an [action](/guide/actions).
Actions are typically associated with key bindings, where you wouldn't need to call this method manually.
Args:
action: Action encoded in a string.
default_namespace: Namespace to use if not provided in the action,
or None to use app.
Returns:
True if the event has been handled.
- async run_async(self, *, headless: 'bool' = False, inline: 'bool' = False, inline_no_clear: 'bool' = False, mouse: 'bool' = True, size: 'tuple[int, int] | None' = None, auto_pilot: 'AutopilotCallbackType | None' = None) -> 'ReturnType | None'
- Run the app asynchronously.
Args:
headless: Run in headless mode (no output).
inline: Run the app inline (under the prompt).
inline_no_clear: Don't clear the app output when exiting an inline app.
mouse: Enable mouse support.
size: Force terminal size to `(WIDTH, HEIGHT)`,
or None to auto-detect.
auto_pilot: An auto pilot coroutine.
Returns:
App return value.
- run_test(self, *, headless: 'bool' = True, size: 'tuple[int, int] | None' = (80, 24), tooltips: 'bool' = False, notifications: 'bool' = False, message_hook: 'Callable[[Message], None] | None' = None) -> 'AsyncGenerator[Pilot[ReturnType], None]'
- An asynchronous context manager for testing apps.
!!! tip
See the guide for [testing](/guide/testing) Textual apps.
Use this to run your app in "headless" mode (no output) and drive the app via a [Pilot][textual.pilot.Pilot] object.
Example:
```python
async with app.run_test() as pilot:
await pilot.click("#Button.ok")
assert ...
```
Args:
headless: Run in headless mode (no output or input).
size: Force terminal size to `(WIDTH, HEIGHT)`,
or None to auto-detect.
tooltips: Enable tooltips when testing.
notifications: Enable notifications when testing.
message_hook: An optional callback that will be called each time any message arrives at any
message pump in the app.
- save_screenshot(self, filename: 'str | None' = None, path: 'str | None' = None, time_format: 'str | None' = None) -> 'str'
- Save an SVG screenshot of the current screen.
Args:
filename: Filename of SVG screenshot, or None to auto-generate
a filename with the date and time.
path: Path to directory for output. Defaults to current working directory.
time_format: Date and time format to use if filename is None.
Defaults to a format like ISO 8601 with some reserved characters replaced with underscores.
Returns:
Filename of screenshot.
- set_focus(self, widget: 'Widget | None', scroll_visible: 'bool' = True) -> 'None'
- Focus (or unfocus) a widget. A focused widget will receive key events first.
Args:
widget: Widget to focus.
scroll_visible: Scroll widget in to view.
- async stop_animation(self, attribute: 'str', complete: 'bool' = True) -> 'None'
- Stop an animation on an attribute.
Args:
attribute: Name of the attribute whose animation should be stopped.
complete: Should the animation be set to its final value?
Note:
If there is no animation scheduled or running, this is a no-op.
- suspend(self) -> 'Iterator[None]'
- A context manager that temporarily suspends the app.
While inside the `with` block, the app will stop reading input and
emitting output. Other applications will have full control of the
terminal, configured as it was before the app started running. When
the `with` block ends, the application will start reading input and
emitting output again.
Example:
```python
with self.suspend():
os.system("emacs -nw")
```
Raises:
SuspendNotSupported: If the environment doesn't support suspending.
!!! note
Suspending the application is currently only supported on
Unix-like operating systems and Microsoft Windows. Suspending is
not supported in Textual Web.
- switch_mode(self, mode: 'str') -> 'AwaitMount'
- Switch to a given mode.
Args:
mode: The mode to switch to.
Returns:
An optionally awaitable object which waits for the screen associated
with the mode to be mounted.
Raises:
UnknownModeError: If trying to switch to an unknown mode.
- switch_screen(self, screen: 'Screen | str') -> 'AwaitMount'
- Switch to another [screen](/guide/screens) by replacing the top of the screen stack with a new screen.
Args:
screen: Either a Screen object or screen name (the `name` argument when installed).
- uninstall_screen(self, screen: 'Screen | str') -> 'str | None'
- Uninstall a screen.
If the screen was not previously installed then this method is a null-op.
Uninstalling a screen allows Textual to delete it when it is popped or switched.
Note that uninstalling a screen is only required if you have previously installed it
with [install_screen][textual.app.App.install_screen].
Textual will also uninstall screens automatically on exit.
Args:
screen: The screen to uninstall or the name of a installed screen.
Returns:
The name of the screen that was uninstalled, or None if no screen was uninstalled.
- update_styles(self, node: 'DOMNode') -> 'None'
- Immediately update the styles of this node and all descendant nodes.
Should be called whenever CSS classes / pseudo classes change.
For example, when you hover over a button, the :hover pseudo class
will be added, and this method is called to apply the corresponding
:hover styles.
- validate_sub_title(self, sub_title: 'Any') -> 'str'
- Make sure the sub-title is set to a string.
- validate_title(self, title: 'Any') -> 'str'
- Make sure the title is set to a string.
- watch_ansi_theme_dark(self, theme: 'TerminalTheme') -> 'None'
- watch_ansi_theme_light(self, theme: 'TerminalTheme') -> 'None'
- watch_dark(self, dark: 'bool') -> 'None'
- Watches the dark bool.
This method handles the transition between light and dark mode when you
change the [dark][textual.app.App.dark] attribute.
Readonly properties inherited from textual.app.App:
- animator
- The animator object.
- ansi_theme
- The ANSI TerminalTheme currently being used.
Defines how colors defined as ANSI (e.g. `magenta`) inside Rich renderables
are mapped to hex codes.
- children
- A view onto the app's immediate children.
This attribute exists on all widgets.
In the case of the App, it will only ever contain a single child, which will
be the currently active screen.
Returns:
A sequence of widgets.
- current_mode
- The name of the currently active mode.
- debug
- Is debug mode enabled?
- focused
- The widget that is focused on the currently active screen, or `None`.
Focused widgets receive keyboard input.
Returns:
The currently focused widget, or `None` if nothing is focused.
- is_headless
- Is the app running in 'headless' mode?
Headless mode is used when running tests with [run_test][textual.app.App.run_test].
- is_inline
- Is the app running in 'inline' mode?
- log
- The textual logger.
Example:
```python
self.log("Hello, World!")
self.log(self.tree)
```
Returns:
A Textual logger.
- namespace_bindings
- Get currently active bindings.
If no widget is focused, then app-level bindings are returned.
If a widget is focused, then any bindings present in the active screen and app are merged and returned.
This property may be used to inspect current bindings.
Returns:
A map of keys to a tuple containing the DOMNode and Binding that key corresponds to.
- return_code
- The return code with which the app exited.
Non-zero codes indicate errors.
A value of 1 means the app exited with a fatal error.
If the app wasn't exited yet, this will be `None`.
Example:
The return code can be used to exit the process via `sys.exit`.
```py
my_app.run()
sys.exit(my_app.return_code)
```
- return_value
- The return value of the app, or `None` if it has not yet been set.
The return value is set when calling [exit][textual.app.App.exit].
- screen
- The current active screen.
Returns:
The currently active (visible) screen.
Raises:
ScreenStackError: If there are no screens on the stack.
- screen_stack
- A snapshot of the current screen stack.
Returns:
A snapshot of the current state of the screen stack.
- size
- The size of the terminal.
Returns:
Size of the terminal.
- workers
- The [worker](/guide/workers/) manager.
Returns:
An object to manage workers.
Data descriptors inherited from textual.app.App:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object
- ansi_theme_dark
- ansi_theme_light
- app_focus
- dark
- sub_title
- title
Data and other attributes inherited from textual.app.App:
- AUTO_FOCUS = '*'
- COMMANDS = {<function get_system_commands>}
- CSS = ''
- DEFAULT_CSS = '\n App {\n background: $background;\n ...bled:can-focus {\n opacity: 0.7;\n }\n '
- ENABLE_COMMAND_PALETTE = True
- ExpectType = ~ExpectType
- MODES = {}
- SCREENS = {}
- SUB_TITLE = None
- TITLE = None
Class methods inherited from typing.Generic:
- __class_getitem__(...) from textual.message_pump._MessagePumpMeta
- Parameterizes a generic class.
At least, parameterizing a generic class is the *main* thing this
method does. For example, for some generic class `Foo`, this is called
when we do `Foo[int]` - there, with `cls=Foo` and `params=int`.
However, note that this method is also called when defining generic
classes in the first place with `class Foo[T]: ...`.
- __init_subclass__(...) from textual.message_pump._MessagePumpMeta
- Function to initialize subclasses.
Methods inherited from textual.dom.DOMNode:
- async action_toggle(self, attribute_name: 'str') -> 'None'
- Toggle an attribute on the node.
Assumes the attribute is a bool.
Args:
attribute_name: Name of the attribute.
- add_class(self, *class_names: 'str', update: 'bool' = True) -> 'Self'
- Add class names to this Node.
Args:
*class_names: CSS class names to add.
update: Also update styles.
Returns:
Self.
- compose_add_child(self, widget: 'Widget') -> 'None'
- Add a node to children.
This is used by the compose process when it adds children.
There is no need to use it directly, but you may want to override it in a subclass
if you want children to be attached to a different node.
Args:
widget: A Widget to add.
- data_bind(self, *reactives: 'Reactive[Any]', **bind_vars: 'Reactive[Any] | object') -> 'Self'
- Bind reactive data so that changes to a reactive automatically change the reactive on another widget.
Reactives may be given as positional arguments or keyword arguments.
See the [guide on data binding](/guide/reactivity#data-binding).
Example:
```python
def compose(self) -> ComposeResult:
yield WorldClock("Europe/London").data_bind(WorldClockApp.time)
yield WorldClock("Europe/Paris").data_bind(WorldClockApp.time)
yield WorldClock("Asia/Tokyo").data_bind(WorldClockApp.time)
```
Raises:
ReactiveError: If the data wasn't bound.
Returns:
Self.
- get_component_styles(self, name: 'str') -> 'RenderStyles'
- Get a "component" styles object (must be defined in COMPONENT_CLASSES classvar).
Args:
name: Name of the component.
Raises:
KeyError: If the component class doesn't exist.
Returns:
A Styles object.
- get_pseudo_classes(self) -> 'Iterable[str]'
- Get any pseudo classes applicable to this Node, e.g. hover, focus.
Returns:
Iterable of strings, such as a generator.
- has_class(self, *class_names: 'str') -> 'bool'
- Check if the Node has all the given class names.
Args:
*class_names: CSS class names to check.
Returns:
``True`` if the node has all the given class names, otherwise ``False``.
- has_pseudo_class(self, class_name: 'str') -> 'bool'
- Check the node has the given pseudo class.
Args:
class_name: The pseudo class to check for.
Returns:
`True` if the DOM node has the pseudo class, `False` if not.
- has_pseudo_classes(self, class_names: 'set[str]') -> 'bool'
- Check the node has all the given pseudo classes.
Args:
class_names: Set of class names to check for.
Returns:
`True` if all pseudo class names are present.
- notify_style_update(self) -> 'None'
- Called after styles are updated.
Implement this in a subclass if you want to clear any cached data when the CSS is reloaded.
- query(self, selector: 'str | type[QueryType] | None' = None) -> 'DOMQuery[Widget] | DOMQuery[QueryType]'
- Query the DOM for children that match a selector or widget type.
Args:
selector: A CSS selector, widget type, or `None` for all nodes.
Returns:
A query object.
- query_one(self, selector: 'str | type[QueryType]', expect_type: 'type[QueryType] | None' = None) -> 'QueryType | Widget'
- Get a widget from this widget's children that matches a selector or widget type.
Args:
selector: A selector or widget type.
expect_type: Require the object be of the supplied type, or None for any type.
Raises:
WrongType: If the wrong type was found.
NoMatches: If no node matches the query.
TooManyMatches: If there is more than one matching node in the query.
Returns:
A widget matching the selector.
- remove_class(self, *class_names: 'str', update: 'bool' = True) -> 'Self'
- Remove class names from this Node.
Args:
*class_names: CSS class names to remove.
update: Also update styles.
Returns:
Self.
- reset_styles(self) -> 'None'
- Reset styles back to their initial state.
- run_worker(self, work: 'WorkType[ResultType]', name: 'str | None' = '', group: 'str' = 'default', description: 'str' = '', exit_on_error: 'bool' = True, start: 'bool' = True, exclusive: 'bool' = False, thread: 'bool' = False) -> 'Worker[ResultType]'
- Run work in a worker.
A worker runs a function, coroutine, or awaitable, in the *background* as an async task or as a thread.
Args:
work: A function, async function, or an awaitable object to run in a worker.
name: A short string to identify the worker (in logs and debugging).
group: A short string to identify a group of workers.
description: A longer string to store longer information on the worker.
exit_on_error: Exit the app if the worker raises an error. Set to `False` to suppress exceptions.
start: Start the worker immediately.
exclusive: Cancel all workers in the same group.
thread: Mark the worker as a thread worker.
Returns:
New Worker instance.
- set_class(self, add: 'bool', *class_names: 'str', update: 'bool' = True) -> 'Self'
- Add or remove class(es) based on a condition.
Args:
add: Add the classes if True, otherwise remove them.
update: Also update styles.
Returns:
Self.
- set_classes(self, classes: 'str | Iterable[str]') -> 'Self'
- Replace all classes.
Args:
classes: A string containing space separated classes, or an
iterable of class names.
Returns:
Self.
- set_reactive(self, reactive: 'Reactive[ReactiveType]', value: 'ReactiveType') -> 'None'
- Sets a reactive value *without* invoking validators or watchers.
Example:
```python
self.set_reactive(App.dark_mode, True)
```
Args:
name: Name of reactive attribute.
value: New value of reactive.
Raises:
AttributeError: If the first argument is not a reactive.
- set_styles(self, css: 'str | None' = None, **update_styles: 'Any') -> 'Self'
- Set custom styles on this object.
Args:
css: Styles in CSS format.
update_styles: Keyword arguments map style names onto style values.
Returns:
Self.
- sort_children(self, *, key: 'Callable[[Widget], SupportsRichComparison] | None' = None, reverse: 'bool' = False) -> 'None'
- Sort child widgets with an optional key function.
If `key` is not provided then widgets will be sorted in the order they are constructed.
Example:
```python
# Sort widgets by name
screen.sort_children(key=lambda widget: widget.name or "")
```
Args:
key: A callable which accepts a widget and returns something that can be sorted,
or `None` to sort without a key function.
reverse: Sort in descending order.
- toggle_class(self, *class_names: 'str') -> 'Self'
- Toggle class names on this Node.
Args:
*class_names: CSS class names to toggle.
Returns:
Self.
- walk_children(self, filter_type: 'type[WalkType] | None' = None, *, with_self: 'bool' = False, method: 'WalkMethod' = 'depth', reverse: 'bool' = False) -> 'list[DOMNode] | list[WalkType]'
- Walk the subtree rooted at this node, and return every descendant encountered in a list.
Args:
filter_type: Filter only this type, or None for no filter.
with_self: Also yield self in addition to descendants.
method: One of "depth" or "breadth".
reverse: Reverse the order (bottom up).
Returns:
A list of nodes.
- watch(self, obj: 'DOMNode', attribute_name: 'str', callback: 'WatchCallbackType', init: 'bool' = True) -> 'None'
- Watches for modifications to reactive attributes on another object.
Example:
Here's how you could detect when the app changes from dark to light mode (and vice versa).
```python
def on_dark_change(old_value:bool, new_value:bool):
# Called when app.dark changes.
print("App.dark when from {old_value} to {new_value}")
self.watch(self.app, "dark", self.on_dark_change, init=False)
```
Args:
obj: Object containing attribute to watch.
attribute_name: Attribute to watch.
callback: A callback to run when attribute changes.
init: Check watchers on first call.
Readonly properties inherited from textual.dom.DOMNode:
- ancestors
- A list of ancestor nodes found by tracing a path all the way back to App.
Returns:
A list of nodes.
- ancestors_with_self
- A list of ancestor nodes found by tracing a path all the way back to App.
Note:
This is inclusive of ``self``.
Returns:
A list of nodes.
- background_colors
- The background color and the color of the parent's background.
Returns:
`(<background color>, <color>)`
- colors
- The widget's background and foreground colors, and the parent's background and foreground colors.
Returns:
`(<parent background>, <parent color>, <background>, <color>)`
- css_identifier
- A CSS selector that identifies this DOM node.
- css_identifier_styled
- A syntax highlighted CSS identifier.
Returns:
A Rich Text object.
- css_path_nodes
- A list of nodes from the App to this node, forming a "path".
Returns:
A list of nodes, where the first item is the App, and the last is this node.
- css_tree
- A Rich tree to display the DOM, annotated with the node's CSS.
Log this to visualize your app in the textual console.
Example:
```python
self.log(self.css_tree)
```
Returns:
A Tree renderable.
- displayed_children
- The child nodes which will be displayed.
Returns:
A list of nodes.
- is_modal
- Is the node a modal?
- name
- The name of the node.
- parent
- The parent node.
All nodes have parent once added to the DOM, with the exception of the App which is the *root* node.
- pseudo_classes
- A (frozen) set of all pseudo classes.
- rich_style
- Get a Rich Style object for this DOMNode.
Returns:
A Rich style.
- text_style
- Get the text style object.
A widget's style is influenced by its parent. for instance if a parent is bold, then
the child will also be bold.
Returns:
A Rich Style.
- tree
- A Rich tree to display the DOM.
Log this to visualize your app in the textual console.
Example:
```python
self.log(self.tree)
```
Returns:
A Tree renderable.
Data descriptors inherited from textual.dom.DOMNode:
- auto_refresh
- Number of seconds between automatic refresh, or `None` for no automatic refresh.
- classes
- display
- Should the DOM node be displayed?
May be set to a boolean to show or hide the node, or to any valid value for the `display` rule.
Example:
```python
my_widget.display = False # Hide my_widget
```
- id
- The ID of this node, or None if the node has no ID.
- visible
- Is this widget visible in the DOM?
If a widget hasn't had its visibility set explicitly, then it inherits it from its
DOM ancestors.
This may be set explicitly to override inherited values.
The valid values include the valid values for the `visibility` rule and the booleans
`True` or `False`, to set the widget to be visible or invisible, respectively.
When a node is invisible, Textual will reserve space for it, but won't display anything.
Data and other attributes inherited from textual.dom.DOMNode:
- COMPONENT_CLASSES = set()
- DEFAULT_CLASSES = ''
- SCOPED_CSS = True
- WalkType = ~WalkType
Methods inherited from textual.message_pump.MessagePump:
- call_after_refresh(self, callback: 'Callback', *args: 'Any', **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'bool'
- Schedule a callback to run after all messages are processed and the screen
has been refreshed. Positional and keyword arguments are passed to the callable.
Args:
callback: A callable.
Returns:
`True` if the callback was scheduled, or `False` if the callback could not be
scheduled (may occur if the message pump was closed or closing).
- call_later(self, callback: 'Callback', *args: 'Any', **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'bool'
- Schedule a callback to run after all messages are processed in this object.
Positional and keywords arguments are passed to the callable.
Args:
callback: Callable to call next.
*args: Positional arguments to pass to the callable.
**kwargs: Keyword arguments to pass to the callable.
Returns:
`True` if the callback was scheduled, or `False` if the callback could not be
scheduled (may occur if the message pump was closed or closing).
- call_next(self, callback: 'Callback', *args: 'Any', **kwargs: 'Any') -> 'None'
- Schedule a callback to run immediately after processing the current message.
Args:
callback: Callable to run after current event.
*args: Positional arguments to pass to the callable.
**kwargs: Keyword arguments to pass to the callable.
- check_idle(self) -> 'None'
- Prompt the message pump to call idle if the queue is empty.
- check_message_enabled(self, message: 'Message') -> 'bool'
- Check if a given message is enabled (allowed to be sent).
Args:
message: A message object.
Returns:
`True` if the message will be sent, or `False` if it is disabled.
- disable_messages(self, *messages: 'type[Message]') -> 'None'
- Disable message types from being processed.
- async dispatch_key(self, event: 'events.Key') -> 'bool'
- Dispatch a key event to method.
This method will call the method named 'key_<event.key>' if it exists.
Some keys have aliases. The first alias found will be invoked if it exists.
If multiple handlers exist that match the key, an exception is raised.
Args:
event: A key event.
Returns:
True if key was handled, otherwise False.
Raises:
DuplicateKeyHandlers: When there's more than 1 handler that could handle this key.
- enable_messages(self, *messages: 'type[Message]') -> 'None'
- Enable processing of messages types.
- async on_callback(self, event: 'events.Callback') -> 'None'
- async on_timer(self, event: 'events.Timer') -> 'None'
- post_message(self, message: 'Message') -> 'bool'
- Posts a message on to this widget's queue.
Args:
message: A message (including Event).
Returns:
`True` if the messages was processed, `False` if it wasn't.
- prevent(self, *message_types: 'type[Message]') -> 'Generator[None, None, None]'
- A context manager to *temporarily* prevent the given message types from being posted.
Example:
```python
input = self.query_one(Input)
with self.prevent(Input.Changed):
input.value = "foo"
```
- set_interval(self, interval: 'float', callback: 'TimerCallback | None' = None, *, name: 'str | None' = None, repeat: 'int' = 0, pause: 'bool' = False) -> 'Timer'
- Call a function at periodic intervals.
Args:
interval: Time (in seconds) between calls.
callback: Function to call.
name: Name of the timer object.
repeat: Number of times to repeat the call or 0 for continuous.
pause: Start the timer paused.
Returns:
A timer object.
- set_timer(self, delay: 'float', callback: 'TimerCallback | None' = None, *, name: 'str | None' = None, pause: 'bool' = False) -> 'Timer'
- Make a function call after a delay.
Args:
delay: Time (in seconds) to wait before invoking callback.
callback: Callback to call after time has expired.
name: Name of the timer (for debug).
pause: Start timer paused.
Returns:
A timer object.
Readonly properties inherited from textual.message_pump.MessagePump:
- app
- Get the current app.
Returns:
The current app.
Raises:
NoActiveAppError: if no active app could be found for the current asyncio context
- has_parent
- Does this object have a parent?
- is_attached
- Is the node attached to the app via the DOM?
- is_parent_active
- Is the parent active?
- is_running
- Is the message pump running (potentially processing messages)?
- message_queue_size
- The current size of the message queue.
- task
| |